A toothache refers to pain or discomfort in or around a tooth, which can range from mild to severe. It is typically caused by issues related to the teeth or gums, but it can also result from other health problems. Common causes of toothache include:
- Tooth Decay (Cavities): The most common cause, resulting from bacteria that produce acids which damage the tooth's enamel.
- Gum Disease: Infections or inflammation of the gums can lead to pain and discomfort.
- Tooth Abscess: A bacterial infection can lead to a pus-filled pocket at the tip of the tooth's root, causing severe pain.
- Tooth Fracture: Cracks or breaks in a tooth can expose the inner layers, leading to sensitivity and pain.
- Damaged Fillings: If a dental filling is damaged, it can expose the sensitive parts of the tooth.
- Tooth Eruption: In children, teething can cause discomfort, and in adults, the eruption of wisdom teeth can be painful.
- Grinding Teeth: Bruxism, or grinding teeth, can wear down enamel and cause tooth sensitivity and pain.
- Sinus Infection: Sinus pressure can sometimes cause pain in the upper teeth.
Symptoms of a toothache can include:
- Sharp, throbbing, or constant pain.
- Swelling around the tooth or in the jaw.
- Fever or headache.
- A foul-tasting drainage from an infected tooth.
- Sensitivity to hot or cold temperatures.
Treatment for a toothache depends on its cause. For instance:
- Cavities: Filling or removing the decayed area.
- Gum Disease: Professional cleaning, medications, and sometimes surgery.
- Abscess: Draining the abscess and treating the infection with antibiotics.
- Fractures: Repairing the tooth with bonding, crowns, or other dental procedures.
Home remedies can provide temporary relief and include rinsing with warm salt water, taking over-the-counter pain medications, and applying cold compresses. However, persistent or severe toothache should be evaluated by a dentist to address the underlying cause and prevent complications.